HISTORICAL TRAUMA - WAVE OF TERROR  

720 BCE   battle between Argos and Sparta

669 BCE   battle of Ysias, victory of Argos over Sparta, according to Pausanias 2.24.6

499-493 BCE   Greco-Persian Wars, Athenians support the Ionian Greek cities against Persian rule

490 BCE    the battle of Marathon, the Greeks (Athenians and Plataeans) defeated the Persians, the playwright Aeschylus and his brother Cynegirus, who lost his life, fought at the battle

480 BCE    the battle of Salamis, a naval battle between the Greeks and the much larger defeated Persian forces  

416 BCE   the siege of Melos—the Athenians killed all of the adult men whom they captured and enslaved the women and children (ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ, Thucydides book 5)

417 BCE    Peloponnesian War, Spartans destroy the city of Ysias

213  BCE   Messene massacre by pro-Macedonian demagogues

146 BCE   destruction of Corinth, population partly massacred, partly enslaved 

1453-1821   occupation of Greece following the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (approx., 400 years) by the Ottoman Turks 

1789-1793    Souliote War in Epirus, between the Souliotes and the local Ottoman Ali Pasha of ioannina

12-16-1803   mass suicide of women and children in the village of Zaloggou

9-1-1822   massacre of Samothrace by the Ottomans

4-22-1822   city of Naousa under attack, mass suicide of women and children

1821-1829   Greek Revolution - Greek War of Independence against the Turkish Ottoman rule

1822   massacre of Chios by the Ottomans

1824   Lord Byron turns toward military action and dies of disease at Missolonghi 

1825- 1826   massacre at Missolonghi by Ottoman and Egyptian forces third and final siege

1827   James Jacob Williams, an African American fugitive slave, joined in the Greek War of Independence and was seriously wounded. He died in 1829 and is buried in Argos, Agios Ioannis cemetery 

1913-1923   Pontic genocide, 300,000 - 900,000 deaths of the indigenous Greek community by the Ottoman Empire

1912-1913   Eastern Thrace massacre-genocide of 15,690 Greeks by  the Ottoman Empire 

1914   Phocaea genocide

1922   'burning of Smyrna'  Turkish forces responsible for burning drowning deaths of 10,000-125,000 Greeks and Armenians, refugees ran to the sea to escape, British, American, and French ships refusing to pick up refugees whereas a YMCA official's flotilla and a Japanese freighter did

1940-1941   Italian occupation an estimated 9,000 Greeks were killed during the Axis occupation 

1943   the massacre of Domeniκon committed by the Italians

1941-1943   German occupation

1943    Kommeno mass murder, looting, arson, 317 deaths, rapes, corpses mutilated, the only escape route was across the river by boat, Germans set the village ablaze 

12-13-1943   massacre of Kalavryta committed by the Germans, mass murder of men, boys, elderly

10-3-1943   Lingiades massacre, majority of victims were women, children, and elderly

9-14-1943   Viannos massacres, Crete mass extermination campaign launched by German forces

9- 19-29-1943   Paramythia executions, massacre, Nazi-Albanian war crime

10-6-1943   Kali Syκra mass executions, 12 women were burnt alive for refusing to comply

10-8-1943   Kalliκratis mass executions by German Army and Greek collaborationist paramilitary forces, declared a martyred village in 10-2018.

3-24-1944   Greek Jews of Ioannina deported to Auschhwitz, 500 children under the age of 13, 89 escaped by hiding with Christian families, or fled to other countries

1944  Distomo massacre committed by the Germans

9-18-1944   44 men slaughtered at Achladoκambos, estimated 670 of this area

1945-1949   Greek civil war - murders, atrocities, paidomazoma

forced deportation, genocide, death marches, torture, war, starvation, villages burned, mass executions, rape, throats slit, families slaughtered, paidomazoma 

Emory University School of Medicine studies found that genetic imprint from traumatic experience carries through at least two generations. 

My grandfather helped build the Trancontinental Railroad. He endured anti-Greek sentiment and returned to Achladoκambos, Greece.

       In a Greek place and time, Achladoκampos Αχλαδοκαμπος, in a small village located 479 meters towards the top of Mount Artemisio, in Argoliς Peloponnesoς, ... gathered olives from trees bearing bright fruit and firewood for the hearth. I similarly follow, but in a strange and foreign ξενο land.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

          'let me tell you . . . when we were little, following . . . well-worked garden κιπος . . . roses, lillies, exceptionally fragrant . . . bees, stately dahlias, basil, fig trees, ants, lemon trees, marigolds, butterflies, poppies, spearmint, . . . blossoming whenever seasons of Zeus came down'  Odyssey 10.338-44   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           κιπος, 3455 Balfour, Detroit, MI 48224